A History of Submarines and Depth Charges

The Costing Method Is An Accounting Process - 1134 Words

A1. Costing Method Costing Method is an accounting process that assesses itemized input costs of production and fixed costs to determine overall costs of production. (Kucera, n.d.) Competition Bikes is performing this analysis so management can determine the optimum sales units to breakeven from its San Diego plant based on the current sales mix of 9 Titanium bicycles for every 5 CarbonLite bicycles produced. Traditional costing is an easily implemented costing method that aligns with generally accepted accounting principles, GAAP. Traditional costing is the distribution of manufacturing overhead costs across the number of products produced based or another volume based metric. Traditional costing is very simplistic in the fact that it doesn’t allocate out any nonmanufacturing costs. Traditional costing allocates costs to generic buckets such as direct material, direct labor and other overhead. Activity based costing (ABC) was developed as a costing method to overcome the weak nesses of traditional costing. ABC allocates costs to every activity, or manufacturing task, associated in the production of an item. ABC is more accurate than traditional costing. Competition Bikes grouped the following as tasks associated with the manufacturing of bicycles; Factory Setups, Quality Control, Engineering Service, Product Movements, Utilities, and Depreciation. (Johnson, n.d.) In Competition Bikes data analysis of traditional verses activity based costing, the differences in costs isShow MoreRelatedProcess Costing1282 Words   |  6 PagesI. Discuss Process Costing, clearly bringing out its advantages and disadvantages. DEFINITION Costs are accumulated in costing systems. According to Glautier and Underdown (2001), the development of costing systems reflects the manner in which accounting methods have been adapted to the needs of different forms of activity and technology, and also to the appearance of advanced manufacturing techniques that have been a feature of recent years. Cost accounting systems allow full product costs toRead More Cost Accounting Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesAccounting is the system of recording and summarizing business and financial transactions and analyzing, verifying, and reporting the results; (Merriam-Dictionary, 2012). Cost accounting is described as the evaluating approach to the overall cost of when the business evaluates the cost that is associated with the business. Cost accounting consists of the identification, measurement, collection, analysis, preparation, and communication of financial information (Khan, 2010). In this paper, I willRead MoreManagement Accounting : The Father Of Accounting1415 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Accounting has be defined in various ways however almost every definition will describe it as a process that identifies, measures, analysis, and report data. Management accounting has not been the same since business started; it has come a long way from early member of civilisation using stone tablets for bookkeeping. Management accounting is used to aid managers make business decisions based on predicted figures and comparisons with actual figures. To follow is a detailed evaluationRead MoreCost Control: The Definition of Standard Cost Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesof cost control is known as standard costing. It is a system of cost accounting which is designed to find out how much should be the cost of a product under the existing conditions. The actual cost can be ascertained only when production is undertaken. The predetermined cost is compared to actual cost and the variance between the two, enables the management to take necessary measures. Standard costing is a vital sub topic of costing accounting .Standard costing is generally related with cost of directRead MoreIn The World Of Accounting, Cost Accounting Serves As Managers1472 Words   |  6 PagesIn the world of accounting, cost accounting serves as managers go to system for cost information. As previously mentioned, cost accounting is a specialized subset of accounting that collects, determines, classifies, and interpret the cost of products or services. In addition, the concepts of cost accounting are to account for the incurrence and control of cost and measure the operating efficiency of a company on a periodical basis. â€Å"Cost accounting, as defined here, deals with the rest when, andRead More Cost Accounting: Its role and ethical considerations Essay1054 Words   |  5 PagesCost Accounting: Its role and ethical considerations Introduction: Accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information about an entity for the purpose of making decisions and informed judgements. The major areas of within the accounting are: Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting/Cost Accounting and Auditing- Public Accounting Managerial accounting is concerned with the use of economic and financial information to plan and control the activitiesRead MoreHistorical Development Of Financial Accounting Theory1422 Words   |  6 Pagesinventory valuation methods exist in use throughout the economy; weighted average, First-In, First-Out (FIFO), and Last-In, First-Out (LIFO). Inventory values establish a cost of each inventory item acquired as cost of goods sold for products produced or services rendered. The organization or business chooses the method of costing, also referred to as cost-flow assumptions, by the greatest benefit to the organization. More than one method can be chosen, however each method must be disclosed withinRead MoreBack Flush Costing974 Words   |  4 PagesBackflush Costing Backflush costing is a traditional and standard costing systems track costs as products pass from raw materials, to work in progress, to finished goods, and finally to sales. Such systems are called ’sequential tracking systems’ because the accounting system entries occur in the same order as purchases and production. Sequential tracking is common where management desires to track direct material and labor time to individual operations and products. Backflush costing is a methodRead MoreActivity Based Costing and Absorption Costing969 Words   |  4 PagesActivity Based Costing (ABC) and Absorption Costing Activity Based Costing Overview Activity based costing (ABC) is one of the newer costing methods that has been developed to work in conjunction with more traditional systems. ABC is not a comprehensive system that can be used alone rather a new way to apply overhead and support costs to individual product lines. This method will look at a business unit or process and designate various cost drivers. The cost drivers can be organized in manyRead MoreCost Of A Company s Performance1223 Words   |  5 Pagesa company’s performance. Based on definition of costing system, it is that system in which people calculate different cost with different methods and also monitor cost for reducing wastage and misuse of resources (Accounting Education, 2015). Therefore, company can use costing system to control cost of material and cost of labour force in order to increase company’s profits. The purpose of the essay is to provide background knowledge about costing system and how does it influence on companies. This

Othello Appeal To A Twenty First Century Audience Free Essays

In my opinion Othello appeals to a twenty-first century audience due to his themes such as jealousy, deception, racism, manipulation, love and corrupt civilisation which is still relevant in today’s society. These themes are themes that are timeless which explore human nature which is unchanging which still develop and evolve around us. The twenty first century audience would find Othello appealing as the main themes such as racism, jealousy and manipulation are still very prevalent in today’s society. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Appeal To A Twenty First Century Audience or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main theme in the poem which we can still relate to century’s later is the theme of love, which is very prominent in Othello. Love makes the play ageless; as long as there are people on the earth love will always be surrounding us. Othello and Desdemona surrendered everything they had to be together. This resembles they modern day romance novel, play or movie. They did this even though they were aware it might result in serious conflict. Othello bids â€Å"farewell the plumed troops and the big wars that make ambition virtue! O, Farwell, Farwell the neighing steed and shrill trump, the spirit stirring drum, their piercing fife, the royal banner, and all quality, pride, pomp, and circumstances of glorious war! † He tells us he won Desdemona not by magic but by telling her of his battles. Therefore Othello affirms his triumphant success on love by his successful career as a soldier. In today’s society men look for success in a career and for a loving wife and this is what Othello achieves with Desdemona. A theme which is also very relevant in today’s society is one of racism. Othello suffered from this greatly in the play. Just as Othello suffered from this it has carried on through the years, up until 1968 when the black community were finally given rights. Othello was constantly referred to as â€Å"the moor† and â€Å"thick lips†. As this happens it shows a hypocritical society as they would have them protect their country but would find it shameful that he married Desdemona. Many felt this way when the first black president of the United States was elected. Iago supposedly Othello’s close friend tells brabantio that â€Å"’you’ll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse†. He then paints Othello as a crude and animalistic being and insinuates that he is sexually corrupting his daughter the innocent Desdemona. As the play goes on iago continues to go on about the unnatural nature of the relationship between Desdemona and Othello. He tells roderigo the lust between them will not last long â€Å"It cannot be that Desdemona should long continue her love to the moor – put money in thy purse- nor he his to her†. This is a recurring situation today. Our two races are being separated by what each fears of the other. How to cite Othello Appeal To A Twenty First Century Audience, Papers

Marketing Management Questions Essay Example For Students

Marketing Management Questions Essay Marketing Management 1. As a market researcher for a cable television company seeking to determine the number of multi-dwelling buildings in a selected neighborhood, your best chance of acquiring this information quickly would be a. census information available on the Internet. b. the local Better Business Bureau. c. interviews with neighborhood leaders. d. the local Chamber of Commerce. e. an aerial survey of surrounding neighborhoods. 2. Everyday low pricing is a strategy devoted to continuous low prices as opposed to a. seasonal changes in prices based on current demand. b. urely cost-based prices that vary as the manufacturers costs vary. c. relying on short-term price-cutting tactics such as cents-off coupons, rebates, and special sales. d. prices that are set daily, weekly, or monthly in reaction to competitors actions. e. prices based on what the firm feels the market will bear. 3. Customer relationship management (CRM), is a. the defining concept that identifies communication between the parties to a transaction. b. a process used to retain customers when purchases are based on low price or convenience. c. best used when the seller has infrequent customer contact. . the combination of strategies and tools that drive relationship programs, reorienting the entire firm to a concentrated focus on satisfying customers. e. a technique used to create a company focus on individual and immediate sales. 4. The most obvious distinction between not-for-profit and for-profit commercial firms is a. more exact financial and marketing goals on the part of the not-forprofits. b. the inability of the not-for-profits to sell tangible goods. c. a different way of looking at the bottom line by the two different organization types. . the greater amount of control the customers of the not-for-profits exercise on their activities. e. the ability of not-for-profits to operate without the assistance of volunteers from the general population. 5. The problems associated with the decision of whether to lunch at Popeyes, Burger King, Taco Tico, or Little Saigon (a Vietnamese restaurant) illustrate a. how direct competition affects consumer behavior. b. how some products and services are competitive substitutes for each other. c. the strange food tastes of some of us I mean, Taco Tico? d. he universal nature of competition. e. that some people just cant make up their minds. 6. Todays sales representatives role in the promotion process has changed from that of persuader to that of a. technician and expert on product repair. b. process designer. c. consultant and problem solver. d. close friend and confidant. e. joke-telling, backslapping fellow-well-met. 7. This retailing format, averaging 300,000 square feet in size, seeks to offer a combination of shopping, entertainment, and restaurants in an attractive environment preserving the intimacy of neighborhood retailing. . Such a shopping center is known as a power center. b. A facility of this magnitude is called a national mall. c. This type of facility is known as a lifestyle center. d. Most such centers are now known as downtowns. e. This describes the earliest type of planned shopping center, the linear strip. 8. When brands are difficult to categorize or evaluate and significant effort is required to analyze purchase alternatives, the type of consumer problemsolving that typically results is a. research analysis. b. extensive analysis buying. c. limited problem solving. d. xtended problem solving. e. evaluative problem solving. 9. Which of the following statements is most true about U. S. Internet users? a. African Americans are three times more likely to be Internet users than Americans of Asian or Pacific Island origin. b. People in Alaska, New Hampshire, and Colorado are among the least likely to use the Internet. c. Low income rural dwellers account for less than three percent of Internet users. .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 , .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 .postImageUrl , .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 , .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78:hover , .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78:visited , .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78:active { border:0!important; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78:active , .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78 .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8f941460af96bfa35eed3b5850b5c78:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Neil Young in Halifax Essay d. Caucasian Americans typically use the Internet only at work. e. The median age of Internet users is expected to decline in the future. 0. The idea that a large percent of a products sales revenues come from a relatively small, loyal group of its purchasers is the a. true blue syndrome. b. cohort effect. c. 80/20 principle. d. purchase aggregation basis. e. traditional believers effect. 11. A product which has achieved the status of brand insistence a. moves from the unknown to the known category, increasing its probability of purchase. b. has the advantage of being preferred to other products, but only if it is available. c. must be price competitive if it is to keep its status. d. ust have a distinctive identity character like the Pillsbury Doughboy. e. has achieved a monopoly position with its consumers. 12. When marketing partners share the cost of a promotional campaign that meets their mutual needs, the general term for the activity is a. mutual support. b. cross promotion. c. spending push money. d. trading promotion. e. partnership advertising. 13. Television advertising that suggests that consumers take a proactive role in family health care by requesting that their physicians prescribe specific medications they see advertised raises issues of ethics in . product strategy. b. price strategy. c. packaging strategy. d. distribution strategy. e. promotion strategy. 14. Of the following, which is NOT generally considered to be part of a national infrastructure? a. the transportation and communication networks b. a banking industry c. consumer goods retailing d. the utilities system e. public services 15. A companys buying center encompasses a. a group of people formally assigned to participate in the buying process. b. formally designated gatekeepers, deciders, and buyers. c. everyone who is involved in any aspect of its buying action. d. designated buying team that oversees the entire process of procurement. e. the purchasing task force that professionally buys hard goods and tooling. 16. Showroom retailers are able to offer low prices as a result of a. larger physical location. b. inexpensive warehouse space, reduced shoplifting losses, and long-lived products. c. high volume of perishable items. d. quick purchase process because of a large number of service representatives. e. offering a very small number of high volume items. 17. An example of a direct-selling strategy in the consumer goods market is a. the party plan. b. gents calling on wholesalers. c. the traditional channel for consumer goods. d. vending machines. e. telemarketing by industrial distributors. 18. The gap between what customers expect and what they receive when dealing with a firm is a. related to the price they paid for something, not its quality. b. always positive because the higher of the two values is counted first. c. impossible to measure because its subjective, not objective. d. one measure of their satisfaction with a firm and its products. e. one of the traditional methods of testing new products. 19. In SWOT analysis, a vulnerability occurs when . internal organizational weaknesses prevent taking advantage of an opportunity. b. environmental threats attack organizational weaknesses. c. organizational strengths grasp opportunities. d. environmental threats are posed to organizational strengths. e. organizational strengths prevent improving environmental weaknesses. 20. In an integrated marketing communications program, which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which a customer may have contact with the organization? a. direct mail b. personal letters from competitors c. personal selling d. Internet messages e. media advertising 21. Which of the following statements about the international aspects of distribution strategy is true? a. Transportation systems and warehousing facilities may be unavailable or of poor quality in a given foreign market. b. Switzerlands train system, the Volksbahn, is of especially poor quality. c. Because of different cultural approaches to business, international marketers should avoid local distributors. d. Europeans have never responded to direct-by-television sales efforts. .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d , .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d .postImageUrl , .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d , .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d:hover , .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d:visited , .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d:active { border:0!important; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d:active , .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3f9714a02be4d7899c500785a5138d6d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparing Japan and Thailand Essay e. Distribution in a foreign country is best handled by government agencies rather than left to the discretion of an individual firm. 2. Of the following, which of the following would most likely be the factor having the greatest influence on the decision to buy a homogeneous shopping product? a. the products style b. the stores name and reputation c. the brand name of the product d. the price and perceived value of the product e. uniqueness of the product 23. Demand is said to be inelastic when a. the demand curve and the supply curve do not cross. b. total cost and total revenue are equal at all levels of demand. c. the calculated elasticity of demand is less than 1. d. the calculated elasticity of demand is greater than 1. e. he calculated elasticity of demand is equal to 1. 24. Profit maximization is a. a volume pricing objective. b. not a pricing objective. c. determined by the point at which the marginal revenue curve intersects the marginal cost curve. d. achieved by most firms in the marketplace. e. the addition to total costs balanced by the increase in total quantity sold. 25. Examples of products having target markets differentiated by age group are a. headache and cold remedies. b. nostalgic products and retro toys like Sock Monkey. c. cookies, candies, and baking goods. d. automotive motor oil and gasoline. e. tissue, paper towels, and plastic utensils.

Black Rainbow Review Essay Example

Black Rainbow Review Paper Essay on Black Rainbow Forty men rich, successful, married to a beautiful woman who has brought up his beloved daughter, a talented, albeit foster it would seem, he has everything to be happy. Theres just the main thing happiness itself. In practice everything is fragile, unreal . Maybe someone of you have already guessed that it now goes about the book by Oleg Roy Black Rainbow. Remember, most recently advised me to read this book, perhaps even in this community, Well, I did not postpone it indefinitely, and set to work. However, the time of operation was extremely small, but the book is small, so read up still managed. Well, I must say, Black Rainbow does not look like the books of Oleg Roy, that I have read before. While reading the summary, youd think that the story of the book the most banal. Thus, the protagonist imbued with a true love for his step-daughter, the girl also feels for his stepfather very warm feeling. And everything is good, thats just the wife becomes jealous, time passes, the daughter grows up Estimated end: the wife is a bitch and a good main character, after all, marry his stepdaughter We will write a custom essay sample on Black Rainbow Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Black Rainbow Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Black Rainbow Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Fortunately, it was not so easy. Intrigues of experience and the most unexpected meetings all this awaits the reader on the pages of the book. And even a rendezvous with a lady by the name of Death. Meet her will to everyone, but the feelings experienced at this man? This topic the author touched upon in his Black Rainbow ». It is obvious that in this work of Oleg Roy let his imagination roam in earnest, E even added a bit of philosophy, though quite shallow. But still, in this obvious plus books. Although, you can not do without the fly in the ointment. In Black Rainbow, as in all previous books I have read this author, it lacks soul. Black Rainbow is written in simple, easy language. This book is quite pleasant and even fun to read, but it does not touch the soul. Turning the last page, you are satisfied you put the book back on the shelf and after a while you forget what its about. You do not remember a quote or some moments that once made you smile or cry. But it is not because you have a bad memory. Simply it was not Such books read, to relax, unwind. They go quickly and easily. Before you know it, and the book is over. Forgotten similar works normally likewise. So Oleg Roy writes books such discharge. When it turns out well, once not really, but the essence remains the same

40 Actionable Email Marketing Tips That Will Boost Results

40 Actionable Email Marketing Tips That Will Boost Results Email marketing is complex. From list building to copywriting to measurement, there’s always something new to learn and improve. For marketers and business owners with limited time, it can be difficult to keep up with. This post covers 40 important email marketing tips, along with actionable advice to help you implement them right now. Even if you’re an experienced email marketer, you’re sure to pick up at least a few new tactics. 40 Actionable Email Marketing Tips That Will Boost Results via @ Table of Contents: 10 Email Subject Line Writing Tips 10 Email Copywriting Tips 10 General Email Marketing Tips 10 Email List Building Tips 10 Tips for Writing Better Email Subject Lines Success starts with strong subject lines. According to Hiten Shah, â€Å"33% of email recipients open email based on the subject line alone.† You may have heard some variation of that figure before (different reports suggest a range between 30% to upper 40%). The key takeaway here is that paying attention to subject lines matters, and a little extra effort up front can boost the results of your entire email. 1. Test Every Subject Line Before Delivery Wouldn’t it be great if it were possible to test every subject line before you hit send? With the Email Subject Line Tester, there is. This free tool (which is also built into ) makes it easy to optimize subject lines and see how they’ll look in recipient’s inboxes. Enter your subject line: Then, get your score (and more): You can use it free as much as you’d like here. 2. Use a Real Person’s Name in the Sender Field Getting an email from an actual person feels more friendly than one from a brand. So, use an employee’s name in the sender field, rather than your brand name. For bloggers or solo consultants, your name might double as your brand. But, larger retail and B2B brands can benefit from this strategy, too. This example from Threadless shows how both can be combined: Most email service providers make it easy to edit the sender field. Consider using the name of the individual sending the email, or the best point of contact should a recipient have questions. Sending marketing emails? Use a real employee's name in the sender field:3. Add Personalization People want to feel like they’re more than just a number. So, to further make your emails more personable, include the recipient's name. Here’s an example of a plain-text email from Michael Hyatt using personalization: Make email marketing more conversational with personalization4. Use Power Words Subject lines should inspire readers to take action. So, include power words that motivate audiences to open and click. Use this cheat sheet: Use power words to increase #email open rates5. Experiment With Numbers and Stats According to a study from YesWare, including a number (like an interesting stat or percentage) can influence a modest increase in clicks and replies: There are at least a couple reasons this might be the case: Numbers are concrete. Subject lines that make vague promises are less compelling than those that state specific claims or benefits. For example, â€Å"Save 25%† is more useful than â€Å"Save Money.† Sometimes, stats are hard to believe (even if they’re accurate). And you just have to click for confirmation. So, if you have stats or interesting percentages to share, consider including them. Experiment with numbers and stats in #email subject lines6. A/B Test Subject Lines No study nor external data point will ever be as meaningful as your own results. One of the best ways to get insight into what works for your audience specifically is to A/B test as much as possible. Subject lines are one obvious email element to split test, and most email service providers make this easy. Here are some shortcuts to help documentation to get you started: MailChimp Campaign Monitor Active Campaign Constant ContactAre you using A/B testing on your #email subject lines? If not, you might not be as successful as...7. Create a Curiosity Gap According to Wordstream, a curiosity gap  is: The curiosity gap is a theory and practice popularized by Upworthy and similar sites that leverages the reader’s curiosity to make them click through from an irresistible headline  to the actual content. By creating a curiosity gap, you're teasing your reader with a hint of what's to come, without giving all the answers away. How powerful can leveraging an informational gap be for copywriting? For Copyhackers, powerful enough to drive a 927% traffic increase to a pricing page. Imagine what it can do for your email marketing. To incorporate this technique into your subject line writing, do this: Identify the beginning and end of the story in your email. Leave out crucial information in the middle. Now, done poorly, this is an easy recipe for cheesy clickbait. But, it can also be a simple formula for carefully crafted copy that piques curiosity (and gets more clicks on your emails). Here are some examples of what this might look like in practice: â€Å"The easiest way to achieve your goal isn’t what you think.† â€Å"What’s the fastest way to achieve [GOAL]?† â€Å"Should you use this tactic to achieve [GOAL]†? All of these examples leave something out, that can only be learned by clicking through to read the email. Create curiosity gaps in your email subject lines to get more opens.8. Make Use of Available Preview Text Preview text appears in some email clients after the subject line. Usually, this space will be filled with copy from the email itself, if no preview text is specified. Leaving it blank is a missed opportunity, though, as it offers a chance to give your subject line more context. Here’s a great example from MarketingProfs: The subject line inspires urgency (â€Å"last call†), while the preview text offers more specifics (exactly how long the offer will remain, and how much can be saved). This example from Stone Temple Consulting follows a similar principle: Making use of preview text is simple: write your subject line, then add context. Here are some ideas: Tease an offer, then add more specifics. Include information about additional content in your email (that isn’t implied by the subject line itself). Ask a question in your subject line, and use the preview text to tease an answer. Get creative with it and see how it impacts opens and clicks. Writing email subject lines? Don't forget to leverage space in the preview text field.9. Never Use All-Caps Just don’t. It sounds like you're shouting in your reader's face. Avoid all-caps in email subject lines (and get 39 more email marketing tips here):10. Experiment With Emojis Emojis are more than just fun illustrations. They can actually help improve opens on emails. In fact, according to Kim Courvoisier (formerly from Campaign Monitor), â€Å"brands that are using emojis have seen a 56% increase in their unique open rates.† Impressive. Will you achieve similar results? There’s only one way to find out: experiment! To quickly grab emojis you can copy and paste into your own emails, visit GetEmoji.com: Could emojis help increase your email open rate? 10 Email Copywriting Tips Strong copywriting skills are essential for effective email marketing. Here are ten different ways to sharpen yours. Recommended Reading: The Email Copywriting Process You Need to Get More Conversions 11. Keep It Brief Whether you’re writing subject lines or body copy, make everything as long as it needs to be, and no more. Here are some basic guidelines to follow: Keep sentences under 25 words, and paragraphs under three sentences. These are considered basic best practices for web writing. Aim for 17-24 characters when writing subject lines. There’s no real â€Å"best subject line length,† but shorter copy is more likely to avoid getting cut off on mobile devices. Get to the point. Every word and sentence in your email should serve a clear purpose. If it doesn’t, then remove it. Here’s an example from Google. It’s extremely brief and concludes with a simple CTA: Keep your #email marketing copy brief.12. Include One CTA (But Don’t Be Afraid to Include It In Multiple Locations) Including a single call-to-action is a classic piece of email marketing advice. But, what about including that one CTA in multiple locations? This is a simple tip that can help increase clicks by placing a link at multiple spots where a reader is likely to be scanning across your copy: This email includes a CTA in each of the following places: Header graphic. Inline text. Conclusion CTA button. If one item doesn’t entice clicks, there’s a chance the next one might. Consider including one #email call-to-action in multiple places.13. Add a PS If You Need Extra Links Newsletters and roundups, by their nature, include multiple links to various pieces of interesting content. But, if you’re writing a plain text email, it’s best to direct readers toward one location. For plain text emails though, if you have additional content to share, there is one place you can turn to: your PS section. "Check out this example from Sujan Patel, co-founder at Voila Norbert, which lists information about his upcoming speaking appearances: Some other things you could consider including might be: Related articles or blog posts. Upcoming events. Recent company news announcements. This is an easy way to get extra eyeballs on stuff you want to promote, without distracting from your core call-to-action. Get more email traffic by including additional links in a PS after your signature.14. Offer Something Valuable Great copy won’t save a crappy offer. If what you’re selling isn’t worth your audience’s time, there’s nothing you can do to salvage success. Before sending an email, ask whether it passes the following criteria: â€Å"Is the content or offer this is promoting high-quality?†Ã‚  This is obviously somewhat subjective, but if you’re sending email simply because you feel like you have to, it may be better to hold off. â€Å"Would I even want what I’m selling?† Put yourself in your readers shoes. If you read this email from another brand, would you even remotely care? Be honest. â€Å"Is there anything that could make this email more valuable?† An additional PS, a related piece of content, or something else? Never send a marketing #email if you don't have anything valuable to offer.15. Always Put the Reader First No one wants to listen to a brand talk exclusively about itself. Brands that solve problems for people, though? Those are the ones that get heard. When writing email copy, put the reader’s interest first: Strong Example: â€Å"Cut your grass 35% faster with new, sharper mower blades.† Weak Example: â€Å"Our new mower blades are 35% sharper.† The first example establishes a clear benefit and helps the reader envision themselves spending less time mowing their lawn. The second example isn’t bad, but it puts the company first, and fails to make as strong a connection between product improvement and tangible consumer benefit. Put your reader first when writing #email #marketing copy.16. Sell Benefits, Not Features This is another classic piece of copywriting advice, and one that directly ties into the previous tip. Generally speaking, customers care more about benefits than features. A sharper mower blade isn’t important because it’s sharper; it’s better because it means the customer can spend less time mowing their lawn. Here’s an interesting example from MailChimp: Now, this could have been some superdry copy about GDPR. But, odds are, if GDPR means anything to you, you already know what’s up. So, it instead focuses on how MailChimp made creating GDPR-friendly forms easy enough to do in a few clicks. Perfect. Selling benefits, not features is #email #marketing #copywriting 101:17. Maintain Message Match Between Email + Landing Page Copy You’ve sent out an awesome email. Your unsuspecting reader clicks, compelled by your copy, only to find the landing page doesn’t exactly sound like the email. Maybe the offer is different. Or, the theme of the copy isn’t quite aligned. Whatever the case may be, strive to maintain a consistent experience with your copy throughout the entire experience, from first click on a subject line, all the way through to a conversion on your landing page. Here’s a basic example of this done well, starting with a subject line from Adobe: Based on this text, one can assume the email will link to something with interesting photography from Tokyo. Once clicked, the headline on the body content makes it clear the reader is getting what they thought with this email: After clicking the button, the first thing you see is a blog header using the same banner image from the email: The body copy in the blog post also follows through on the story the reader expected based on the initial subject line: One consistent experience, from start to finish. That’s what marketers should always aim for. Make sure email copy matches the message on your destination landing page.18. Avoid Generic Templates There’s nothing wrong with using a template as a starting point. But, everyone has seen the same plain text email templates, repeatedly. So, if you’ve seen something similar sent before, it’s time to go back to the drawing board, and come up with something fresh. That’s all there is to this tip. Say no to generic templates. Writing outreach emails? Say no to generic templates.19. Develop a Distinctive Voice Everyone gets too much email in their inbox every day. To stand out, developing a distinctive brand voice is important. Create a brand voice chart similar to this one from Content Marketing Institute: Write more engaging #email copy by developing a distinctive #brand voice:20. Make Copy Skimmable Dense paragraphs of text typically perform poorly for email. So, keep sentences brief, and cut down paragraphs to a sentence or two (three at the max). Here’s an example from Siege Media that’s clear and easy to skim: Don't make readers work! Make your #email #marketing copy skimmable instead. 10 General Email Marketing Tips Here’s a roundup of basic (but often overlooked) tips that, while small, add up to delivering a better experience for your subscribers. Recommended Reading: The Best Email Calendar Template You Need to Manage Marketing Newsletters 21. Make it Simple to Unsubscribe Once you’ve got people on your list, you probably want to do everything you can to keep them there. So, why make it easy to unsubscribe? Because it creates a more positive experience. Someone might be interested in your brand, but just doesn’t want your emails anymore. If its tough to get off your list, that positive brand sentiment can quickly evaporate, to the extent they choose a competitor instead. This can be as simple as making the unsubscribe link clear and easy to find: In this example, the unsubscribe link is subtle and unobtrusive, yet easy to find for anyone looking for it. Making email unsubscribes easy creates a more positive experience with your brand.22. Don’t Pay For Lists There are lots of reasons you shouldn’t send emails to a paid list. Here are a handful: None of those people will understand why they’re getting email from a company that may or may not have ever heard about. A lot of those people are liable to unsubscribe and they won’t convert anyway. Worse, you could violate the CAN-SPAM Act. This could be extremely bad news for your business. Build your list fair and square, and avoid paying for lists. Avoid paying for #email #marketing lists:23. Use Mobile-Friendly Design Check out these mobile email stats from Campaign Monitor: Emails that don’t render properly on mobile devices may get deleted in under three seconds. At least 50% of email opens happen on mobile devices (an exact number is tough to pin down, but that’s a lot). Mobile users check email 3X more frequently than desktop users. 52% are less likely to buy from a company if their mobile experience is poor. What do all these numbers mean? In short, you need to provide subscribers with a strong mobile email experience. At a basic level, make sure you’re using responsive templates for designed emails (most modern email service providers should make this easy), and easily skimmable text for plain-text emails. If you’re working with a developer building HTML emails, explain the importance of optimizing for mobile devices (if they’re not already on board). Use the stats above to build your case. Are your marketing #emails mobile-friendly?24. Add Alt-Text to Images and Buttons Image alt-text  helps tell web browsers and email clients more about the contents of an image. It’s useful for two reasons: Helping the visually impaired understand what your images are. Providing context for images in case they can’t load. Here’s a brief tutorial on how to do this with Constant Contact (other email service providers work similarly): 25. Send Email at the Best Times for Most Opens and Clicks The best time to send email will differ depending on your audience. But, there’s been plenty of research done to give us some solid starting points. Follow these guidelines: Are you sending your #marketing #emails at the best times?26. Plan Your Email Schedule Around the Best Days to Send, Too Start with a schedule that looks like this: Here's how to pick the best days to send #marketing #email27. Manage Your Email Marketing Schedule on a Calendar Calendars and planning tools help build consistency. Consistency helps deliver results. Instead of slipping on your sending schedule, get it organized. If you haven’t downloaded the email calendar included in this post, grab it for free. Or, if you’re a customer, use its email integrations to map out all your sends (alongside the rest of your marketing projects and campaigns). If you’ve got some time, this demo recap video shows how it works: Email calendars make planning newsletter sends easier28. Optimize Your Email Sending Frequency Consistency is key to success. But, that doesn’t mean you should stick to doing things exactly the same way you always have, indefinitely. Smart marketers optimize their approach based on performance data over time. Email marketing should be no exception. Once a month, consider analyzing your email marketing sending frequency and note: Which times perform best? Which days perform best? Do open rates appear to drop off once a certain number of emails are sent? Are you getting a high number of complaints about excessive email (and do those complaints correlate with a drop in opens)? Gather this data using the in-app analytics in your email service provider. Then, adjust your schedule accordingly. Are you optimizing your #email sending frequency based on data and performance?29. Add Whitelisting Instructions to Your Emails Whitelisting  is a simple process email recipients can use to make sure messages from a certain sender go straight into their inbox (rather than a SPAM folder). According to Campaign Monitor: â€Å"Many email senders link to whitelist instructions from their email campaigns, to ensure that their campaigns are delivered straight to the inbox for as many recipients as possible. A common approach is to add a short message to your email content, like, â€Å"To keep receiving emails from us, please add us to your address book†. Head here to find a free code snippet  you can use to drop a link like this in your email. Make sure your emails get read! Learn all about whitelisting (and get 39 more great #email...30. Create Unique Email List Segments The subscribers on your email list may have unique interests or different backgrounds. Sending the same messages to different groups of people might not always get similar results from each one. For example, if you run an auto parts ecommerce site, customers interested in Honda Civic accessories might not be interested in information about pickup trucks. How could a marketer in this situation keep both groups equally engaged? By segmenting their email list based on interests. Here’s how to get started using four different email service providers (each of which integrate with ): MailChimp: Getting Started with Segments List segmentation in Campaign Monitor Active Campaign: How Do I Create a Segment of a List? Constant Contact: Create More Targeted Lists Using SegmentationUse list segmentation to make sure the right emails get to the right people 10 Email List Building Tips Without an email list, you’ll have no one to market toward. Use these 10 tips to build up your list and get more leads into the funnel. Recommended Reading: 21+ Easy Ways to Build an Email List That Will Skyrocket by 140% in 1 Year 31. Create Valuable Gated Content Upgrades Content upgrades are downloadable freebies gated behind an email opt-in form. To get these configured on your blog, website, or landing pages, you may need to get some developer help. But, once you’re ready to roll, here are some great ideas for content upgrades you can try: Templates. eBooks. PDF guides. Research reports. Slide presentations. White papers. Case studies. Ivan Kreimer wrote a great guide on creating content upgrades here. In the struggle to build an email list, content upgrades are your secret weapon.32. Include a Sticky CTA on Your Website Here’s an example from the Blog: If you don’t have the capability to set this up yourself, work with a developer to add an email signup CTA somewhere on your blog or website homepage. Use a CTA on your website to drive more #email signups33. Mention Subscriber Count to Leverage Social Proof Another note to make your sticky CTAs more effective: include some social proof. Mentioning your subscriber count (once you have some subscribers) shows potential leads that you’re offering something of value. Leverage social proof by mentioning your subscriber count in your email signup call-to-action:34. Include a Signup Link in Personal Emails If you email folks around your industry with your own work email account, drop a link in your signature to get your company’s email newsletters, too. If you email folks around your industry with your own work email account, drop a link in your...35. Launch a Contest (With an Email Opt-In Form) Contests and giveaways are a great way to gather email signups. You can do this in one of two ways: With a physical entry form (for brick-and-mortar stores). An online content with a signup landing page. Running a worthwhile contest can take a lot of effort. But, it’s worth it to build up a highly engaged email list. Fortunately, Matthew Barby has created an incredibly in-depth guide here. [Tweet "Contests are an awesome way to build #email #marketing lists:] 36. Run a List-Building Social Media Campaign If people are following you on social media, they’re obviously interested in your brand. So, why not get them onto your email list? Run a creative social campaign directing to your email signup page. customers can easily create cross-channel social campaigns: Create a social media campaign promoting your #email newsletter to get more sign-ups37. Optimize Your Email Opt-In Confirmation Process If you use a single opt-in process, email subscribers will be added to your list as soon as they complete a form. However, if you use a double opt-in process, subscribers will need to click a confirmation link on an email they’ll receive. The second option helps cut down on junk signups (if someone is going to bother to click the confirmation link, you know they really want to be on your list). But, if the confirmation email goes into a SPAM folder, you could miss out on subscribers. Follow your email service provider’s guidelines on using double opt-in processes effectively: MailChimp Campaign Monitor Active Campaign Constant Contact Use a double opt-in process to improve lead quality on your email list38. Use Wistia’s Turnstile to Turn Video Viewers Into Email Subscribers If you use Wistia for video hosting, don’t overlook using Turnstile  to add email opt-in forms to your videos. Find a video in your library and go to Timeline Actions: Then, click add Turnstile: You can then configure your video so viewers need to enter an email address to watch. Use Turnstile in @wistia to turn video viewers into email subscribers39. Try Exit Intent Pop-ups Once someone has spent some time on your site, make sure you don’t lose them after they leave. Exit intent pop-ups make it easy to capture email signups when people start to move their cursor to leave your site: Here are some exit intent popup examples  created with OptinMonster. Get more email signups with exit intent popups40. Add an Email Signup Link to Your Website Footer ’s Head of Demand Generation, Nathan Ellering, says you can expect a footer link to contribute around 1% to your overall list growth. But, they’re also extremely easy to add, and every little bit helps. Ask your developer if they can throw in a footer link to your email signup page.

Hostage Taking and Live Television Coverage Essay

Hostage Taking and Live Television Coverage - Essay Example Actions for a scene Commander According to Thompson (2006), the scene commander is charged with the overall operations devised to rescue victims who have been held hostage by criminals. One of the key roles of the scene commander is to secure the perimeter of the hostage scene as well as minimize any potential deaths or injuries. Though constitutionally the media enjoys the right to cover any public event including hostage taking incidents, the scene commander can either issue access to the crime scene or prohibit the media from accessing the crime scene depending on the nature of the crime taking place (Hammer, 2007). According to the Centre of Excellence Defense against Terrorism (2007), the scene commander should define or regulate the distance that the media team is allowed within the vicinity of the crime or hotspot. Additionally, the scene commander should regulate the press statements being broadcast by the media houses and the actual filming of the event on live broadcast thi s is to ensure that media coverage do not jeopardize the efforts of the law enforcement officers. Lastly, the scene commander is also required to control the interaction between the media and the criminals at the scene. According to Fourie (2001), the main objective for the scene commander is to devise possible measures to facilitate the safe rescuing of the victims using the efforts of the rescue teams as well as the tactical team. However, Noesner (2010) suggests that there is a need for the senior commander to monitor the media personnel to avoid commotions such as extreme approach to the area of crime that may agitate or raise suspicion among the robbers, which could result to endangering the lives of the hostages. Furthermore, all media statements should pass through the scene commander for moderation and filtering of any information that may leak relevant intelligence to the robbers concerning the ongoing rescue operation. Live media coverage of hostage taking incident Hammer (2007) observed that live television coverage of a hostage scene is essential in planning rescue mission but also presents an equal amount of risks to the law enforcers. The media constitutionally enjoys press freedom, which dictates that it is free from any force of manipulation in order to broadcast autonomously and therefore, this privilege prohibits even the law enforcement agency from forcefully terminating the live television coverage. In addition, shutting off the live television coverage may raise suspicion among the robbers and jeopardise any form of rapport that may have been already developed by the negotiation team. In his book, McKenna (2000) alternatively stated that there exist other means of regulating the entire live media coverage. McKenna (2000) pointed out that the scene commander might seek consensus with the media houses to delay the live coverage of the scene from five to ten minutes rather than asking them to stop broadcasting; this will offer the scene comma nder an opportunity to edit or regulate the content that will be aired on live television.

Understanding - Active Listening or Maslows Hierarchy of Need Assignment

Understanding - Active Listening or Maslows Hierarchy of Need - Assignment Example Here people want to be treated with loved, affection and feel parts of groups. The next level of needs is the self-esteem and the esteem from others. When all these have been satisfies, a person would now look for self actualization, where he will be seen trying to achieve individual potential like power in the society. Maslow then sys that if we are motivated by the fact that we want to self-actualize, the every other need will just work out. As managers, we need to concentrate on the client centered skill like active listening. This is the skill that will enable a manger to listen carefully to the customer’s needs and react according to the client’s likes or dislikes. In this kind of feeling, a person is guided by the feelings displayed by the client about the kind of service being offered. It therefore requires one to actively react to such feelings in order to meet the client’s

Recovery Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recovery Period - Essay Example The institute of law enforcement runs on the basis of mutual respect; the civilian respects the officer and the officer respects the civilian, not considering him/herself superior because of his uniform. An officer must, at all times, remain unbiased so as not to obstruct his judgement during his duty. The above stated behaviors are, to me, the most likely to incite the opposite feelings. Biases arise because there is no respect for one’s fellows. Prejudice leads to hatred, which then manifests itself into hate crimes. And these crimes simply grow in magnitude. An automatic termination would set an example. The second behavior shows a lack of respect for the very job. By not respecting the profession of law enforcement, one cannot be considered an officer – it becomes contradictory in nature. This sort of behavior leads to bullying and taking advantage of others. The â€Å"recovery phase provides a ‘window of opportunity’ for risk reduction† (Christoplos). The recovery period simply refers to the phase, after the occurring of any crime, where the victims involved recover from their losses. This does not necessarily mean emotional losses. If, for instance, a theft took place in a shop, the recovery phase/period would include the recovering from the financial loss, the traumatic experience of being held at gun point (perhaps), and the relief and rehabilitation (not necessarily in mobile terms) of the victims. This period is often called the window of opportunity for risk reduction. Risk reduction refers to the actual trimming down of the risk of any crime. What this statement, thus, means is this: when a crime occurs, a situation arises in which the involved actors (victims, civilians or the cops) are given an opportunity to reduce risk for future such happenings. Mr. Christoplos wrote a report on the window of opportunity

Tissue Conditioners Soft Lining Materials Health And Social Care Essay

Tissue Conditioners Soft Lining Materials Health And Social Care Essay As a briefing history of the denture lining materials, we can find that in 1942, Matthews introduced plasticized polyvinylchloride as one of the first soft lining materials used with acrylic resin dentures (Sultana, 1991) then Lammie Storer published a summary of observations on different soft denture materials and classified the processed resilient materials as follows. (1) natural rubber, (2) polyvinylchloride, (3) polyvinylacetae, (4) methyl methacrylate copolymer, (5) silicone (Lammie Storer, 1958). Furthermore, they stated that this material became hard due to loss of plasticizer after several months, and became stained and cracked in the mouth. However, we tend to examine the composition and uses of both tissue conditioners and soft lining materials in prosthetic dentistry. Basically, Tissue conditioners composed of polyethylmethacrylate and mixture of aromatic ester and ethyl alcohol and they are found in three components system: polymer (powder), monomer (liquid) and dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer flow control (liquid) when mixed together a gel is formed (Braden M 1970). The major uses of these tissue conditioners materials are: tissue treatment, temporary obturator, baseplate stabilization, to diagnose the outcome of resilient liners, liners in surgical splints, trial denture base and as a functional impression material (Nallaswamy D. 2003). Tissue treatment: the advantage of using a tissue conditioner is to prepare the selected oral structure to withstand all the stress from the prosthesis and to preserves the residual ridge. It is also used to heal irritated hyperemic tissues before denture fabrication. Temporary obturator: tissue conditioners can be added as a temporary obturator over the existing complete or partial denture and this can be done directly in the month or indirectly after an impression of surgical area has been made. Stabilization of baseplate and surgical splints or stents: when undercuts are present on an edentulous cast, an acrylic temporary denture base cannot be used as it may get locked into the undercut and break the cast during removal. In this case tissue conditioner may be used to stabilize the record base and prevent breakage of the cast. Adjunct to an impression or as a final impression material: when it is difficult to determine the extent of the denture base due to movable oral structure, tissue conditioner can be used to record the extensions of the denture in a dynamic form that will later help in preparing an impression tray for the final impression. To diagnose the outcome of resilient liners: patient with well-constructed denture sometimes develop chronic soreness and find it difficult to wear it comfortably. Tissue conditioners can be used to determine if this problem will be resolved with the use of a resilient liner. (Nallaswamy D, 2003). Commercially, there are a wide range of tissue conditioner products, for example, GC tissue conditioner and Visco-gel and more but here we will compare between these two only: Firstly, GC- tissue conditioner is composed of Polyethylmethacrylate (powder), methacrylate monomer (liquid) and dibutyl sebacate (plasticizer). Manufacturer claims that using of dibutyl sebacate as plasticizer instead of the conventional dibutyl phthalate has a merit of not being harmful to the human endocrine system. However, it is suitable for conditioning and relieving tissue (for example when there are areas of inflammation or pressure points on the inflamed alveolar ridge), but also for temporary soft relining of partial and complete dentures as well as functional impressions to fabricate new dentures or restore existing ones, for immediate dentures and as an interim solution for direct loading situations in implantology. It is manufactured by GC EUROPE, Belgium (www.gceurope.com). On the other hand, Visco-gel tissue conditioner is composed of Polyethyl methacrylate (powder), Phthalyl butyl glycolate, Ethanol (liquid). It is can be used prior to denture replacement, extension or rebasing, tissue conditioner where the denture-bearing tissues have become disturbed by either denture trauma or infection, temporary lining immediately after extraction or oral surgery, temporary soft liner when normal dentures are not tolerated, particularly for patients with impairment of general health and as functional impression material in post-operative cases or when ill-fitting dentures require replacement or rebasing. Visco-gel is manufactured by DENTSPLY DeTrey GmbH, Germany (www.dentsply.com). Regardless the trade, the following steps should be considered while applying a tissue conditioner, first, tissue part of the denture base, which crosses an undercut, should be reduced then the tissue surface of the denture, which covers the crest of the ridge, should be reduced by 1 mm to allow sufficient room for placement of the tissue conditioner (Nallaswamy D, 2003). Soft lining material is the second part of this review and here it is wise to understand the difference between the tissue conditioner and the soft lining material. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has issued two international standards related to liner materials: (ISO 10139-1:1991): first, lining materials for removable dentures-Part 1: short-term materials and soft lining materials for removable dentures (ISO, 1991) and the second, lining materials for removable dentures-Part 2: materials for long-term use (ISO, 1999). A short-term liner is one that is used intraorally for up to 30 days. A long-term liner is one that maintains softness and elasticity for more than 30 days (Garcia Jones, 2004). Practically, the ISO is differentiating between the temporary and the permanent soft ling material but theoretically, we can find that tissue conditioners can be used for more than 30 days depends on the loss of the plasticizer. Moreover, tissue conditioner and soft l ining have been used for the same purpose clinically. So then, what is the difference? Viscosity is that difference so whenever the material is with low viscosity and flow easily you can use it as a tissue conditioner while material with high viscosity is indicated to be used as a soft liner. There are two groups of soft lining material the first is the acrylic resin-based liner which consists of powder and liquid components. The powder has poly (ethyl or methyl) methacrylate, and sometimes copolymers, while the liquid contains methyl methacrylate monomer and plasticizers that are added to lower the glass transition temperature. The distribution of the large plasticizer molecules minimizes entanglement of polymer chains, which allows individual chains to slide by one another, keeping the liner from fully hardening. The liquids used do not contain acrylic monomers (Craig Gibbons, 1961; Anusavice, 2003). The second type of these soft lining materials is the silicone denture liners wh ich are basically polymers of dimethylsiloxane. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) is a viscous liquid, which can be cross-linked to give rubber a good elastic property. The cross-linking agent is usually an alkyl-silane (silicate) and the reaction is catalysed by an organo-metal salt such as tinoctoate or benzoyl peroxide (McCabe, 1976). Silicones are not dependent on leachable plasticizers and remain elastic for longer periods of time (Anusavice, 2003; Munksgaard, 2004). These liners cannot bind to the acrylic denture base; however, the use of an adhesive can overcome this limitation, which was shown to be a method of failure (Dogan et al., 2006). These liner materials may be selected for the treatment of the following conditions: poor stability of denture, inadequate retention of denture, reduction of vertical dimension, degradation of the denture base, improper extension of borders into the muccobuccal fold regions, mucosal irritations, atrophic ridges, bony undercuts, denture opposing natu ral teeth, reduced thickness and viscoelasticity of the mucosa, pain from gingival irritation, maxillofacial defects, traumatic or pathologic tissue loss and for reline of an existing denture (Zarb et al., 1989; Christensen, 1995; Hayakawa et al., 2000; Hill Rubel, 2011). As a conclusion then, these viscoelastic materials either tissue conditioners or soft lining materials are contributing to solve a list of dental problems that might exist in the removable prosthesis or could be used in a range of dental procedures which are related to fully or partially edentulous patients. Furthermore, these materials need a continuous care and maintenance especially, the tissue conditioner which tends to harden and roughen due to the loss of the plasticizer. However, we should not forget the primary purpose of these materials which is they are used as temporary materials during transitional situations.

Antibiotic Usage Essay -- Biology, DNA

This optimism has been dissipated long before the 20th century when the proliferation of antibiotic resistance bacteria became evident as Fleming predicted earlier. With the rapid development of infectious disease associated with antibiotic resistance forced us to change the way we view disease and the way we treat patients. However, antibiotic use has not been without consequence and several factors had contributed to the development of resistance. Some resistances are due to spontaneous mutation and these mutations are for select antibiotic resistance whilst other bacteria tend to steal the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from their counterparts who are already familiar with antibiotics (Mims, 2004; Tenover, 2006). Antibiotic remained effective against most bacterial infection, however these bacterial cells develop resistance and continue to divide resulting in a resistant population and some are no longer effective against infectious disease that was killed few years ago (Levy, 2000). The impact of antibiotic resistance could lead to more infectious diseases that are hard to treat and could result in a global threat making it difficult as mutation and evolutionary pressure cause increase in antibiotic resistance (Strelkauskas et al, 2010). Antibiotics are extremely important medicine but unfortunately bacteria become resistant make it problematic as antibiotic resistance had posed problem around the world people continued to travel and modern technology and sociology exacerbated the development of resistant strains, these strains are transferred from infected people causing a repeat in cycle as they moved from one place to the next (WHO, 2001). Increased globalisation is responsible for res istance, in large overpopulat... ...odified penicillin binding proteins. Some resistant bacteria could be dangerous for example; MRSA and the vancomycin resistant staphylococcus auerus that are virulent in human pathogens (Strelkauskas, 2010) by reducing the permeability of their membranes as a way of keeping out antibiotic by turning off production of porin and other proteins (Weston, 2008), for example; the multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. In pathogens such as Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, efflux pumps played a major role in multi-drug resistance likewise Klebsiella species becoming resistance and other bacteria producing enzymes from Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (Livermore and Hawley, 2005; Tenover, 2006) also multi-drug resistance antibiotics Acinetobacter Baumanii and the New Delhi Metallo-1(NDM-1) causing havoc amongst the healthcare setting (HPA, 2010).

Facebook and Privacy Essay

Objective Summary: Ex-Apple Engineer, Peter Warden, has collected public fan page data from 215 million Facebook pages, revealing current trends, such as ‘God’ being the number one most popular fan page among Facebook users in the Southern U.S., whereas ‘Barack Obama’ featured heavily for San Francisco users, and ‘Starbucks’ was number one in Idaho. Warden plans to release this data to the academic community because he sees great potential in the data that can be extracted from these sites. This process is called data harvesting. The article suggests future academic work in this area is likely to occu impacting on people’s privacy. (FACTS – 100 words) Response: The ETHICAL issue central to this article is privacy and control. On one hand, Warden claims his intentions are altruistic (helpful to others) and that the data he is making visible here is a matter of public discourse. However, the FACTS are that individual users who are generating this data have neither been consulted about the data collection nor have they given permission for Warden to use it. Clearly Warden does not VALUE other’s people’s privacy as much as he WANTS (emotion) to create the website. The argument could be made that once a user ‘becomes a fan’ of a page on Facebook or, indeed, publishes any content to the internet, that information becomes public. User who have deployed privacy settings to carefully maintain a strong sense of control over their profiles, however, might well feel very ANGRY about this use of their data. Facebook can harvest that data (and does, for targeted advertising purposes) because they have a commitment to those adve rtisers (emotion)and engineers like Warden can develop data-trawling engines to collect accessible information across a massive dataset. The LAW needs to be much clearer about the rights of consumers, companies and advertisers in these situations. As Facebook is presumably bound by its own set of critically considered ETHICAL guidelines, these are neverthess underpinned by commercial VALUES and a vested interest (emotion) in keeping the data of its users from competitors. Warden claims to be operating under his own set of ethics that privilege (value) the furthering of knowledge. The issue then shifts to the academic community. Warden contends that one of his central motivations for collecting this data was so that he could share it with the academic community. Although this claim may be true, most (if not, all) Universities have clear ETHICAL guidelines for research that explicitly VALUE and therefore require consent from participants. If none of the users gave consent for their data to be collected in this way, this in effect denies them a sense of AGENCY. Thus, academically, this data is tainted. While its implications are important the trends it makes visible are crucial to understanding the localised structures of social network sites like Facebook. Personally, I would believe people should be able to tick a box that gives consent for the use of their personal material. I do not believe, either, that it should be one of those boxes you are obliged to tick before being able to use a site: that removes my personal AGENCY and I VALUE this very much. It should be up to me to decide whether other people get my data. If this sort of system was in place, everyone would know the FACTS, everyone would understand what is going on and no one would feel (emotion) betrayed or exposed unfairly.

An Old Idea Made New essays

An Old Idea Made New essays When Windows 98 finally reaches its destination it will mark a significant occasion: the completion of the original "Chicago" project. Remember Chicago? In the early 1990s, it was Microsoft's grand vision for an operating system, a new version of Windows. At the time, Windows 3.1 was flying high and quickly becoming the platform of choice for business and home users alike. The user interface consisted of Program Manager and File Manager. You customized and optimized Windows 3.1 by tweaking the CONFIG.SYS, AUTOEXEC.BAT, SYSTEM.INI, AND WIN.INI Files. The new Operating System anticipated by Microsoft sported nested folders and what was called a "tray"(is now called the taskbar) where running programs would reside. Shortcut icons would exist right on the Desktop-not in the ProgMan Window. Instead of system files, you would tweak a "Registry," a single item that contained all the system and user information, and was created at every boot-up. All that and much more, of course, shipped in Windows 95. However it wasn't the complete vision: Two of the coolest aspects of the original Chicago project fell off the priority list before the product went to market. The first of these was that the "shell" would be a true "OLE container." That meant you could put stuff into the shell just like you can insert an Excel spreadsheet into a Word document. It would also give users a system-wide scripting system. Presently, the shell is called the Desktop and OLE has become ActiveX. Windows 98 lets you embed linked objects into the Desktop using ActiveX technology. It also lets you write scripts that automate tasks across applications and interact with the Operating system. The second cool idea was that the Desktop would have a single icon representing all networked resources including the Internet. Windows 95 took us to Network neighborhood, but Windows 98 brings us to the Internet. Microsoft spins these two concepts as 'Web Integration." Back when...

Battle of Leyte Gulf in World War II

Battle of Leyte Gulf in World War II The Battle of Leyte Gulf was fought October 23-26, 1944, during World War II (1939-1945) and is considered the conflicts largest naval engagement. Returning to the Philippines, Allied forces began landing on Leyte on October 20. Responding, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched plan Sho-Go 1. A complex operation, it called for multiple forces to strike the Allies from several directions. Central to the plan was luring away the American carrier groups that would be protecting the landings. Moving forward, the two sides clashed in four distinct engagements as part of the larger battle: Sibuyan Sea, Surigao Strait, Cape Engaà ±o, and Samar. In the first three, Allied forces won clear victories. Off Samar, the Japanese, having been successful in luring away the carriers, failed to press their advantage and withdrew. In the course of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the Japanese suffered heavy losses in terms of ships and were unable to mount large-scale operations for the rest of the war. Background In late 1944, after extensive debate, Allied leaders elected to begin operations to liberate the Philippines. The initial landings were to take place on the island of Leyte, with ground forces commanded by General Douglas MacArthur. To assist this amphibious operation, the US 7th Fleet, under Vice Admiral Thomas Kinkaid, would provide close support, while Admiral William Bull Halseys 3rd Fleet, containing Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Fast Carrier Task Force (TF38), stood further out to sea to provide cover. Moving forward, the landings on Leyte commenced October 20, 1944. Admiral William Bull Halsey. US Naval History and Heritage Command The Japanese Plan Aware of American intentions in the Philippines, Admiral Soemu Toyoda, commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet, initiated plan Sho-Go 1 to block the invasion. This plan called for the bulk of Japans remaining naval strength to put to sea in four separate forces. The first of these, Northern Force, was commanded by Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa, and was centered on the carrier Zuikaku and the light carriers Zuiho, Chitose, and Chiyoda. Lacking sufficient pilots and aircraft for battle, Toyoda intended for Ozawas ships to serve as bait to lure Halsey away from Leyte. With Halsey removed, three separate forces would approach from the west to attack and destroy the US landings at Leyte. The largest of these was Vice Admiral Takeo Kuritas Center Force, which contained five battleships (including the super battleships Yamato and Musashi) and ten heavy cruisers. Kurita was to move through the Sibuyan Sea and the San Bernardino Strait, before launching his attack. To support Kurita, two smaller fleets, under Vice Admirals Shoji Nishimura and Kiyohide Shima, together forming Southern Force, would move up from the south through the Surigao Strait. Japanese battleships at Brunei, Borneo, in October 1944, photographed just prior to the Battle of Leyte Gulf. The ships are, from left to right: Musashi, Yamato, a cruiser and Nagato. US Naval History and Heritage Command Fleets Commanders Allies Admiral William HalseyVice Admiral Thomas Kinkaid8 fleet carriers8 light carriers18 escort carriers12 battleships24 cruisers141 destroyers and destroyer escorts Japanese Admiral Soemu ToyodaVice Admiral Takeo KuritaVice Admiral Shoji NishimuraVice Admiral Kiyohide ShimaAdmiral Jisaburo Ozawa1 fleet carrier3 light carriers9 battleships14 heavy cruisers6 light cruisers35 destroyers Losses Allies - 1 light carrier, 2 escort carriers, 2 destroyers, 1 destroyer escort, approx. 200 aircraftJapanese - 1 fleet carrier, 3 light carriers, 3 battleships, 10 cruisers, 11 destroyers, approx. 300 aircraft Sibuyan Sea Beginning on October 23, the Battle of Leyte Gulf consisted of four primary meetings between Allied and Japanese forces. In the first engagement on October 23-24, the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, Kuritas Center Force was attacked by the American submarines USS Darter and USS Dace as well as Halseys aircraft.  Engaging the Japanese around dawn on October 23, Darter scored four hits on Kuritas flagship, the heavy cruiser Atago, and two on the heavy cruiser Takao. A short time later, Dace hit the heavy cruiser Maya with four torpedoes.  While Atago and Maya both sank quickly, Takao, badly damaged, withdrew to Brunei with two destroyers as escorts. Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, 24 October 1944 Japanese battleship Yamato is hit by a bomb near her forward 460mm gun turret, during attacks by U.S. carrier planes as she transited the Sibuyan Sea. US Naval History and Heritage Command Rescued from the water, Kurita transferred his flag to Yamato. The next morning, Center Force was located by American aircraft as it moved through the Sibuyan Sea. Brought under attack by aircraft from 3rd Fleets carriers, the Japanese quickly took hits to the battleships Nagato, Yamato, and Musashi and saw the heavy cruiser MyÃ… kÃ…  badly damaged. Subsequent strikes saw Musashi crippled and drop from Kuritas formation. It later sank around 7:30 PM after being hit with at least 17 bombs and 19 torpedoes. Under increasingly intense air attacks, Kurita reversed his course and retreated. As the Americans withdrew, Kurita again changed course around 5:15 PM and resumed his advance towards the San Bernardino Strait. Elsewhere that day, the escort carrier USS Princeton (CVL-23) was sunk by land-based bombers as its aircraft attacked Japanese air bases on Luzon. Surigao Strait On the night of October 24/25, part of the Southern Force, led by Nishimura entered the Surigao Straight where they were initially attacked by Allied PT boats. Successfully running this gauntlet, Nishimuras ships were then set upon by destroyers which unleashed a barrage of torpedoes. In the course of this assault USS Melvin hit the battleship  FusÃ…  causing it to sink. Driving forward, Nishimuras remaining ships soon encountered the six battleships (many of them Pearl Harbor veterans) and eight cruisers of the 7th Fleet Support Force led by Rear Admiral Jesse Oldendorf. USS West Virginia (BB-48) firing during the Battle of Surigao Strait, 24-25 October 1944. US Naval History and Heritage Command Crossing the Japanese T, Oldendorfs ships used radar fire control to engage the Japanese at long range. Pounding the enemy, the Americans sank the battleship Yamashiro and the heavy cruiser Mogami. Unable to continue their advance, the remainder of Nishimuras squadron withdrew south.  Entering the strait, Shima encountered the wrecks of Nishimuras ships and elected to retreat. The fighting in the Surigao Strait was the last time two battleship forces would duel. Cape Engaà ±o At 4:40 PM on the 24th, Halseys scouts located Ozawas Northern Force. Believing that Kurita was retreating, Halsey signaled Admiral Kinkaid that he was moving north to pursue the Japanese carriers. By doing so, Halsey was leaving the landings unprotected. Kinkaid was not aware of this as he believed Halsey had left one carrier group to cover the San Bernardino Straight. At dawn on October 25, Ozawa launched a 75-plane strike against Halsey and Mitschers carriers. Easily defeated by the American combat air patrols, no damage was inflicted. Countering, Mitschers first wave of aircraft began attacking the Japanese around 8:00 AM.  Overwhelming the enemy fighter defense, the attacks continued through the day and ultimately sank all four of Ozawas carriers in what became known as the Battle of Cape Engaà ±o. Samar As the battle was concluding, Halsey was informed that the situation off Leyte was critical. Toyodas plan had worked. By Ozawa drawing away Halseys carriers, the path through the San Bernardino Straight was left open for Kuritas Center Force to pass through to attack the landings. Breaking off his attacks, Halsey began steaming south at full speed. Off Samar (just north of Leyte), Kuritas force encountered the 7th Fleets escort carriers and destroyers.   Launching their planes, the escort carriers began to flee, while the destroyers valiantly attacked Kuritas much superior force. As the melee was turning in favor of the Japanese, Kurita broke off after realizing that he was not attacking Halseys carriers and that the longer he lingered the more likely he was to be attacked by American aircraft. Kuritas retreat effectively ended the battle. Aftermath In the fighting at Leyte Gulf, the Japanese lost 4 aircraft carriers, 3 battleships, 8 cruisers, and 12 destroyers, as well as 10,000 killed. Allied losses were much lighter and included 1,500 killed as well as 1 light aircraft carrier, 2 escort carriers, 2 destroyers, and 1 destroyer escort sunk. Crippled by their losses, the Battle of Leyte Gulf marked the last time the Imperial Japanese Navy would conduct large-scale operations during the war. The Allied victory secured the beachhead on Leyte and opened the door for the liberation of the Philippines. This in turn cut off the Japanese from their conquered territories in Southeast Asia, greatly reducing the flow of supplies and resources to the home islands. Despite winning the largest naval engagement in history, Halsey was criticized after the battle for racing north to attack Ozawa without leaving cover for the invasion fleet off Leyte.

Critically assess Jack Donnellys claim that human rights have become a Essay

Critically assess Jack Donnellys claim that human rights have become a hegemonic political discourse, or what Mervyn Frost calls settled norms of contemporary international society' - Essay Example The basic human rights of millions of people around the globe continue to be exploited.3 According to Jack Donnelly, human rights have become a hegemonic political discourse. Based on this assertion, human rights have been diluted with extensive political interferences. Additionally, this statement underlines that the powerful nations are increasingly dictating on the nature of human rights within the poor countries in the developing world.4 This perspective undermines the very goal of human rights-to promote equality and freedom among people from all walks of life. There are numerous perspectives towards the framework of human rights. Racial discrimination is among the most notable dimensions of human rights. This is epitomized by famous human rights activists like Martin Luther King Jr. His contribution towards the cause of human rights remains even today. His ideologies towards human rights have greatly contributed towards making the modern society increasingly equal. Despite the efforts of such people, powerful nations continue to influence other countries on the di rection that is supposedly acceptable for human rights. For instance, the extensive fighting in the Middle-East region over the past decades is a notable dimension of how human rights have become a hegemonic political disburse. Hundreds of thousands have been killed in these fights. In essence, the fighting has been largely triggered by political factors such as clamour for power and dominance. In view of these kinds of aspects, it is extremely pertinent to evaluate Jack Donnelly’s claim about the development of human rights as a hegemonic political discourse. This research narrows down on these perspectives while also evaluating the distinctive dimensions of human rights in the modern world. Human rights comprise of numerous dimensions. Within some contexts, human rights might refer to the prevention of any aspect of human exploitation. Within this context, human rights seek to protect

Training Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Training - Coursework Example Potential vendors will be selected based on their language and communication skills since the seminar needs someone who can accurately and audibly deliver the message. Moreover, the person must have an in-depth insight into psychological aspects of human resource. These qualities can be tested through interview. Although the organization is passionate about developing the employees, the training method they use is not appropriate and effective enough. With such a large workforce, giving an umbrella course means specific individual needs are not factored in. Also, the training offered only ‘during the time of need’ is not effective. It is recommended that training programs be diversified and offered early enough to make them effective (Werner and DeSimone, 2012). Case study is definitely the most effective method as it exposes trainees to the real practical world with which they can relate. Trainees are presented with examples they see every day making them capture and remember much about the training (Werner and DeSimone,